Build-in Type

int, float, complex

bool

str

list, tuple, dict, set

Binary Format:

n = 14
b = bin(n) # str '0b1110'
b_trim = b[2:] # '1110'
b_trim.zfill(32) # prepending 0 to width 32, + and - count for one length as well
res = int(b_trim, 2) # convert to int. '0b' is optional

List

Sorting with lambda

sorted_by_second = sorted(<collection>, key=lambda el: el[1])
sorted_by_both   = sorted(<collection>, key=lambda el: (el[1], el[0]))

Sorted Object

from functools import total_ordering

@total_ordering
class MySortable:
    def __init__(self, a):
        self.a = a
    def __eq__(self, other):
        if isinstance(other, type(self)):
            return self.a == other.a
        return NotImplemented
    def __lt__(self, other):
        if isinstance(other, type(self)):
            return self.a < other.a
        return NotImplemented

Deque:

queue = deque()
queue.append(a)
queue.appendleft(a)
queue.pop()
queue.popleft()

Exception:

raise Exception('something wrong')

try:
    <code>
except Exception as e:
		print(e.args[0)